Free Essay on Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide - Mother Teresa :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Mother Teresa's Little Sisters and Euthanasia In this essay we see Mother Teresa of Calcutta's Little Sisters of the Poor responding to the Europena Parliament's pro-euthanasia measure. In their response is found an insight into death which the Western world lacks. The Little Sisters are knowledgeable from personal experience with the many whom they have seen die. They are also firmly rooted in a strong religious tradition. Both of these considerations make their advice the very best one can hear in the euthanasia debate. "How can the Little Sisters of the Poor, in the service of the elderly, not be concerned about the passing of the principle of euthanasia by a Commission in the European Parliament? We feel that the confusion caused by the text pertaining to the use of extraordinary means to prolong life, palliative care and euthanasia can easily mislead an uninformed public. Yet behind these extremely complicated phrases, the thought is clear: to give doctors the right to satisfy the request for euthanasia, that is to say, to take a person's life. Human dignity does not consist in being able to choose the time of one's death, but in being aware of the fact that one's basic right is the right of respect for life, of respect for human dignity"(Little) The Little Sisters have 150 years of experience in accompanying the elderly up until the end of their lives, and by this experience they are authorized to make known to the public what they have seen and learned. Since their foundation, 17,080 Little Sisters have lived with the dying, and today they are in 30 countries on six continents, with 74 homes in France and Belgium, First World nations. So the dear sisters have expertise with the dying of both the Third World and our world. Making the elderly happy, that is what counts!" Mother Teresa used to say, encouraging the Little Sisters to attain this goal by employing means adapted to each person, to his/her possibilities, tastes, past life, health, etc. Making the elderly happy means believing in the value of their life, and the Little Sisters are witnesses of the extraordinary resources of the elderly. Having a center of interest, doing something they like to do, feeling useful, being able to take initiatives, to communicate, to form friendships, maintaining a facilitated relationship with the family, having contacts with youth: these are factors which provide joy and happiness.

Cognitive Theory Detailed Outline

* Cognitive Theory Outline I. Theory: Cognitive Theory (CT) a. Key Concepts: i. The way a person’s mind collects and categorizes information is built into schemas. Those schemas help build associations with future thoughts, emotions and behaviors, as they determine how we categorize an experience. Schemas influence our recall of an experience (good or bad), our emotion (positive or negative), and our behavior (acceptance or avoidance), and how we relate it mentally to similar new situations that we encounter.If the schemas that are built within are faulty, they can cause a domino effect of inappropriate thoughts, emotions and behaviors until the faulty view is challenged and the old schema is replaced with a new one. ii. The most primitive schema houses our automatic thoughts. iii. Automatic thought can be visual or verbal. Other characteristics of the three types of automatic thought show that it; (1)is distorted, yet occurs although no evidence exists to support the distorte d thought (ex.Telling yourself you are the worst person in the world and believing it); (2) is a correct automatic thought, but the conclusion the patient draws isn’t (ex: I failed the test, so that means I’m stupid); or (3) is an accurate thought, but still dysfunctional (It will take me all night to finish his project! The behaviors associated with this thought becoming overwhelming and cause anxiety, which lessens the concentration and work output) (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). iv.Automatic thoughts are coexistent with our deeper thinking thoughts, as they are quick snapshots of thought that come about spontaneously without any reflective thought (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). v. CT Theory doesn’t believe that humans are innately good or bad, but rather neutral, whereby humans are seen as â€Å"organisms adapting to the environment† (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). vi. â€Å"CT assumes both an external, objective reality and a personal, subjective, phenomenological oneà ¢â‚¬  (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). vii. CT is most a â€Å"theory of psychological dysfunction† (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). viii.Murdock (2009) provides that Clark and Beck concluded that â€Å"cognitive processes evolved to enhance adaptation to the environment, and hence, survival (p. 319). ix. In CT, the â€Å"basic needs of humans are thought to be preservation, reproduction, dominance, and sociability’ (Murdock, 2009, p. 320). x. The cognitive model says that perception determines emotions and behavior. xi. Three types of cognitive processes that individuals have are; automatic (can be innate- suited to preservation and survival); conscious (the actual act of thinking), and metacognitive (an examination of how we think). ii. â€Å"Two kinds of cognitions are important in CT: core beliefs and assumptions, roles and attitudes† (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xiii. CT theory asserts that human functioning is a product of what you learn and genetics. xiv. Recently, two ty pes of temperaments have been presented within the theory- autonomy and sociotrophy. Autonomous people strive towards mastery and control and rated self-worth and achievement without regard to others, while sociotrophic people rank themselves against others in terms of worth.These types approach thinking, and life differently based on their perspectives, therefore they feel and react differently. xv. CT recognizes that people can be illogically functional, meaning that you can function even if you have illogical beliefs, i. e. , someone who is functionally depressed. xvi. Issues are born in how an individual constructs his or her reality, which is based on â€Å"innate, biological, developmental, and environmental† factors (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). b. Key Theorists: xvii. Aaron Beck is the key theorist for Cognitive Theory.He also recognizes other cognitive theorists as influences, including Magna Arnold, George Kelly, and Albert Bandana. c. Appropriate Populations for the The ory: xviii. Appropriate populations for this theory may be those that need anger management, are suffering from depression, bipolar disease, manic depressives, substance abuse disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenics, personality disorders, and social phobias; Western populations, Chinese and other Asian populations . Inappropriate Populations for the Theory (Explain why. ) xix. Possibly some non-Western cultures, Latinos, Asians, American Indians, those that are highly spiritual, Indian populations, and those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered may experience challenges with regard to this therapeutic approach. e. Therapist’s Role: xx.The therapist is to assess the client’s thoughts, get a full psychological evaluation, examine client cognition to bring awareness to client as a means for improving cognitive thinking (by asking questions that lead the client to arrive at a counselor predetermined destination, thus giving them ownership and responsibility), help the client make specific goals, analyze those goals from a CT prospective, develop a cognitive plan for clients, and teach the CT model. f.Client’s Role: xxi. The client is to establish goals for therapy, remain independent throughout the process, learn and implement the CT model and remain active and engaged in the therapeutic services. xxii. The client is a student who collaborates with the therapist, and eventually, leads therapy as sessions show proof of the client’s growth. g. Theory Strengths: xxiii. This theory’s roots â€Å"lie in both behavioral and psychoanalytic approaches† (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). xiv. CT is â€Å"structured active, collaborative, and psychoeducational† and â€Å"emphasizes a scientific approach† (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxv. â€Å"The goals of CT are to identify and change faulty information processing and to modify beliefs that support psychological dysfunction to ones that are more adaptive† (Murdock, 2009, p. 333). Rebuilding or rewiring thought processes as they relate to primal schemas should allow the individual to present with more adaptive behavior. xvi. Cognitive and behavioral techniques are used in CT. Some of those techniques include; questioning (socratic, or leading questions), downward arrow (diagram of thoughts, starting with those close to the surface and moving down to the core), thought recording (journal worksheet), behavioral environments (choosing behaviors that challenge faulty beliefs- ex: if you say I never have fun, choose to start oing things that you think would be fun), activity scheduling (build a calendar that keeps client engaged in life), graded tasks (breaking bigger tasks into smaller ones as to not be overwhelmed), problem solving, imagery (replacing negative images, or turning them off by interrupting the associated thought), role-playing (or behavior reversal). h. Theory Limitations: xxvii. The length of time can be considered a limitation of CT, as it is typically a short term intervention (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxviii.Change in schemas may need more time to occur than suggested in CT, specifically if the dysfunction resides in a core schema structure. xxix. The theory is difficult to use, as it may be harder to locate the root issues built within the deeper schemas. xxx. CT ignores the client’s emotion and history in favor of his thinking (Murdock, 2009, p. 343). i. Key Terms (Write a short definition for each. ): xxxi. Cognitive Therapy describes systems that highlight awareness and understanding of dysfunctions to bring about interventions and changes in the way people think, react, feel and behave. xxii. â€Å"Schemas are cognitive structures that organize the barrage of information with which we are constantly confronted† (Murdock, 2009, p. 320) xxxiii. Stereotype threat is â€Å"the anxiety aroused by the prospective risk of believing and confirming a negativ e stereotype about yourself because you belong to a group that has been negatively stereotyped â€Å"(ex: poor people are uneducated) (Murdock, 2009, p. 322). xxxiv. Core beliefs are stored within our schemas, and contain our most basic, fundamental beliefs, and are therefore the hardest to modify. xxv. Immediate beliefs are â€Å"assumptions, rules and attitudes† about what â€Å"should† and â€Å"must† be (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvi. Simple schemas involve â€Å"physical objects or very distinct, simple, ideas, such as dogs, books, computers and so forth† (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvii. Automatic thoughts are spontaneous assessments or pictures that exist along with our more conscious, deeper thoughts (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxviii. The mode is defined as â€Å"networks of cognitive, affective, motivational, and ehavioral schemas that compose personality and interpret ongoing situations† (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xxxix. The conscious contro l system is responsible for metacognition and intentional behavior, such as that based on personal goals and values (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xl. Primal modes promote preservation, survival, reproduction, and sociability. (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). 1. There are four types are primal modes; threat, loss, victim (evolved to protect and preserve survival) and self-enhancement (helps the person adapt) (Murdock, 2009, p. 24). xli. Primary modes that are dysfunctional are caused by changes in environmental factors. Those changes caused a reaction in the individual which may present as a person with dysfunctional thinking. xlii. Constructive modes help you build through the experiences you encounter as you live. â€Å"They are associated with positive emotions and adaptive characteristics and include (a) the capacity for intimacy, (b) personal mastery, (c) creativity, and (d) independence† (Murdock, 2009, p. 25). xliii. Minor modes are conscious and narrowly â€Å"focused on everyday life situations, such as reading, writing, social interaction, athletic activities† (Murdock, 2009, p. 325). xliv. Photoschemas are â€Å"inmate patterns that interact with experience to develop the modes†, as the modal theory explains (Murdock, 2009, p. 326). xlv. Health is â€Å"information processing that allows the individual to meet his goals of survival, reproduction, and sociability† (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). xlvi.Cognitive triad is the â€Å"depressive’s negative views towards the self, the world, and the future† (ex: I’m a bad person, the world caused me to be this way, and we’re all going to hell. ) (Murdock, 2009, p. 328). j. Is this theory research based? Evidenced based? (Justify your rationale. ) xlvii. This theory is research based, as Murdock shares that â€Å"Cognitive Therapy is perhaps that most well-researched counseling approach in existence, with an overwhelming amount of empirical support for its effectiveness wi th a variety of client problems. She also notes that the â€Å"evidence for the theoretical assumptions and structure is less impressive† (Murdock, 2009, p. 344). k. Special training requirements: xlviii. This therapy requires the therapist to be culturally aware and sensitive the client’s needs. Reference Murdock, N. L. (2009). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: a case approach (2nd Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) in World War II

An Essex-class aircraft carrier, USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) entered service in 1943. Joining the US Pacific Fleet, it supported Allied efforts during the island-hopping campaign across the Pacific. On May 11, 1945, Bunker Hill was severely damaged by two kamikazes while operating off Okinawa. Returning to the United States for repairs, the carrier would largely be inactive for the remainder of its career. A New Design Conceived in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were designed to conform to the restrictions set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This pact placed limitations on the tonnage of various types of warships as well as capped each signatorys overall tonnage. These types of restrictions were affirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions escalated, Japan and Italy left the treaty structure in 1936. With the failure of the treaty system, the US Navy began creating a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which used the experience gained from the Yorktown-class. The resulting vessel was wider and longer as well as incorporated a deck-edge elevator system. This had been employed earlier on USS Wasp (CV-7). The new class would typically carry an air group of 36 fighters, 36 dive bombers, and 18 torpedo planes. This included the F6F Hellcats, SB2C Helldivers, and TBF Avengers. In addition to possessing a larger air group, the class featured a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Construction Designated the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by several additional carriers including USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) which was laid down at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, MA on September 15, 1941 and named for the Battle of Bunker Hill fought during the American Revolution. Work on Bunker Hills hull continued into 1942 following the United States entry into World War II. Bunker Hill slid down the ways on December 7 of that year, on the anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Mrs. Donald Boynton served as sponsor. Pressing to complete the carrier, Fore River finished the vessel in the spring of 1943. Commissioned on May 24, Bunker Hill entered service with Captain J.J. Ballentine in command. After concluding trials and shakedown cruises, the carrier departed for Pearl Harbor where it joined Admiral Chester W. Nimitzs US Pacific Fleet. Sent west, it was assigned to Rear Admiral Alfred Montgomerys Task Force 50.3. USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) - Overview Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Bethlehem Steel Company, Quincy, MALaid Down: September 15, 1941Launched: December 7, 1942Commissioned: May 24, 1943Fate: Scrapped Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tonsLength: 872 ft.Beam: 147 ft., 6 in.Draft: 28 ft., 5 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsRange: 20,000 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,600 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft In the Pacific On November 11, Admiral William Bull Halsey directed TF 50.3 to join with Task Force 38 for a combined strike on the Japanese base at Rabaul. Launching from the Solomon Sea, aircraft from Bunker Hill, Essex, and USS Independence (CVL-22) hit their targets and defeated a Japanese counterattack which resulted in the loss 35 enemy aircraft. With the conclusion of operations against Rabaul, Bunker Hill steamed to the Gilbert Islands to provide cover for the invasion of Tarawa. As Allied forces began moving against the Bismarcks, the carrier shifted to that area and conducted strikes against Kavieng on New Ireland. Bunker Hill followed these efforts with attacks in the Marshall Islands to support the invasion of Kwajalein in January-February 1944. With the capture of the island, the ship joined with other American carriers for a massive raid on Truk in late February. Overseen by Rear Admiral Marc Mitscher, the attack resulted in the sinking of seven Japanese warships as well as several other vessels. Serving in Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force, Bunker Hill next conducted attacks on Guam, Tinian, and Saipan in the Marianas before hitting targets in the Palau Islands on March 31 and April 1. Battle of the Philippine Sea After providing cover for General Douglas MacArthurs landings at Hollandia, New Guinea in late April, Bunker Hills aircraft conducted a series of raids in the Caroline Islands. Steaming north, the Fast Carrier Task Force began attacks in support of the Allied invasion of Saipan. Operating near the Marianas, Bunker Hill took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19-20. On the first day of the fighting, the carrier was struck by a Japanese bomb which killed two and wounded eighty. Remaining operational, Bunker Hills aircraft contributed to the Allied victory which saw the Japanese lose three carriers and around 600 aircraft. Later Operations In September 1944, Bunker Hill struck targets in the Western Carolines before mounting a series of attacks on Luzon, Formosa, and Okinawa. With the conclusion of these operations, the carrier received orders to depart the war zone for an overhaul at Bremerton Naval Shipyard. Reaching Washington, Bunker Hill entered the yard and underwent routine maintenance as well as had its anti-aircraft defenses enhanced. Departing on January 24, 1945, it steamed west and rejoined Mitschers forces for operations in the Western Pacific. After covering the landings on Iwo Jima in February, Bunker Hill took part in raids against the Japanese home islands. In March, the carrier and its consorts shifted southwest to aid in the Battle of Okinawa. Steaming off the island on April 7, Bunker Hills aircraft took part in defeating Operation Ten-Go and aided in sinking the battleship Yamato. While cruising near Okinawa on May 11, Bunker Hill was hit by a pair of A6M Zero kamikazes. These caused several explosions and gasoline fires which began to consume the ship and killed 346 sailors. Working valiantly, Bunker Hills damage control parties were able to bring the fires under control and save the ship. Badly crippled, the carrier departed Okinawa and returned to Bremerton for repairs. Arriving, Bunker Hill was still in the yard when the war ended in August. Final Years Putting to sea in September, Bunker Hill served in Operation Magic Carpet which worked to return American servicemen home from overseas. Deactivated in January 1946, the carrier remained at Bremerton and was decommissioned on January 9, 1947. Though reclassified several times over the next two decades, Bunker Hill was kept in reserve. Removed from the Naval Vessel Register in November 1966, the carrier saw use as a stationary electronics test platform at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego until being sold for scrap in 1973. Along with USS Franklin (CV-13), which was also badly damaged late in the war, Bunker Hill was one of two Essex-class carriers that saw no active service with the postwar US Navy.

Conjugating the German Verb Verstehen

Banning Capital Punishment in the United States Essay

Banning the use of capital punishment in the United States Capital punishment (the death penalty) is a legal procedure which is known as the most severe punishment where the law authorizes execution as a punishment for criminals (Gerald, 2008). Many people claim that allowing such a punishment will help decrease the crime rate, and also give closure to the victim’s family, but if you as American citizens analyze this situation in more detail you can see that taking a life for taking a life is more of a personal matter than justice. When comparing the states that allow capital punishment with the states that have abolished it, the crime rate does not differ. Hence, those who argue that death row has a positive effect on making criminals†¦show more content†¦2008 murder rate in death penalty states was 41% higher than the non-death penalty states, 2009 the murder rate was 35% higher than the non-death penalty states (Cooper, 2011). As you can see capital punishment had no influence on preventing criminals from doing illegal act s. Therefore, all of the work and energy that goes into executing a criminal in the name of justice is illogical and ineffective. It is argued that most people who support capital punishment are the families of the victims. In their eyes execution is revenge, but how can you trust a system that is not always correct? Would taking a life of another stop criminals and lower the crime rate, or would it bring the victims back to life? In most cases the answer is no. Moreover, it appears that the legal system is not always accurate, and that innocent people have been executed and convicted. Over 142 men and women have been discharged from the death row over the past 40 years. Also in the past four years evidence has come up that some men have been mistakenly executed for crimes they did not commit. (Love, 2013) After learning about these mistakes that the law has made and continues to make, it is petrifying to know that the majority of people are blinded by sorrow and justice, that they exclude the truth and facts from their knowledge. If they were to take into consideration its inaccuracy shown many times over, the y would agree on suspending the use of the death penalty as a punishment forShow MoreRelated The Banning of Capital Punishment Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Banning of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is a brutal, antiquated concept that must be abolished in the name of civilized society. A humane culture cannot abide the organized extermination of human beings in the name of justice. In the United States, dozens of people are put to death every year like stray animals, only perhaps in less humane ways. The methods of capital punishment vary greatly, but none are publicly accepted as humane. 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Are Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care Free Essays

Case Summary Healthcare is a major topic in the media, and how it affecting people all over the country. The government has implemented laws and policies to ensure that individuals can receive the proper medical attention, and has made healthcare affordable for American that are not able to pay out of pocket for services provided. This action by the government has caused a surplus in patients seen by healthcare providers, which in return has increase the paperwork associated with business practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, providers are implementing systems such as Electronic Medical Records to ensure that patient records are accurate and accessible for multiple providers for proper diagnosis. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems are systems that provide â€Å"information about one’s life-long health condition and health care behavior which are on the basis of electric management. The records contained in the system have been constructed to take the place of paper medical records as the main information sources in medical care† (Chen, Wang, Zhang, 2010). As in any system, developers must understand how to integrate information to ensure that the system in capable function properly, and providing users with information requested by incorporating business intelligence into the implementation process. Business Intelligence (BI) enables developers to clearly state what is needed throughout the entire organization, and simplifies the implementation process during implementation deployment and administration. Implementing and integrating EMR systems is costly, but it is necessary for healthcare providers to adopt systems as this to ensure accuracy, errorless information. . ) What management, organization, and technology factors are responsible for the difficulties in building electronic medical records systems? Explain your answer As technology rapidly emerges, businesses are required to adopt new practices to maintain and streamline processes. Electronic medical records systems have surfaced to eliminate inefficiency, errors and cut enorm ous spending. Organizations must strategically implement and interact with agencies outside of its walls to integrate EMR systems into it infrastructure. Healthcare management, insurance agencies, the government and technology advances have all played a major role in the delay of the creation of a global EMR system. The Government’s involvement in the implementation of EMR system is critical. In 2009, $19 billion was granted through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to encourage doctors and hospitals to install and use electronic health records (EHR’s) which is a fundamental component of EMR systems (MacKinnon Wasserman, 2009). Without government funding, it would be merely impossible for organizations to implement and adopt ERM systems. Expensive systems are usually frowned upon by organizations, for that reason the government must intervene to ensure improved speed and accuracy of data sharing, reporting, and planning. Healthcare providers are becoming overbooked and the paperwork is overwhelming. Adopting technology is necessary in the healthcare profession to handle daily workloads. The cost of implementing systems to fit the needs of the organization is the leading factor that causes providers to resist the integration and incorporation of EMR systems. IT developers are also high involved in the implementation of systems for hospitals and healthcare providers. Investing in the EMR system is costly, but the failure to implement EMR systems is often contributed to developers ignoring stakeholders’ needs in the hospital (Su, Fulcher, Win, Chiu, Chiu, 2008). 2. ) What stages of system building will be the most difficult when creating electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer With advances in technology, organization must continually upgrade current systems to ensure that the system’s capabilities are functional. One of the most difficult stages in the implementing of EMR system is the sharing of information between different systems. One of the essential purposes of an EMR system is to collaborate and store patient information that can be accessed by multiple providers. Utilizing what is known as an electronic patient records system or (ERP) is an electronic structure for the maintenance of information about the health condition and the care received by someone all his/her life (Vilar Boudoux, 2002) . Some institutions that implement systems using ERP could actually face problems due to HIPPA laws when making information available to other sources. Being able to provide information nationally could cause major problems for organizations utilizing as well. Providers have issues with privacy with information be easily accessible. Protection of information is vital, and developer must be able to control access and information that is provided through EMR systems. Christa Teston in her article, Investigating usability and â€Å"meaningful use† of electronic medical records, â€Å"A wide-ranging survey of healthcare providers and patients resulted in negative attitudes from a rather substantial minority of participants about the secondary use of de-identified health information† (Teston, 2012). 3. Describe the application of business process management to the design of an electronic medical record system Within an EMR system, careful database management is needed to store relative and historical information. EMR systems implementations â€Å"require a significant investment in money and time, as well as process change and training, all of which carry a great deal of risk for the organization† (MacKinnon Wasserman, 200 9). The implementation of any system requires strategic planning and proactive approaches to management, and business processes. There are design-related issues that many developers struggle with during the implementation process such as privacy, efficiency, accounting, and noise from data (Teston, 2012). EMR sharing system unified data structure enables the complete exchange of medical information within the hospital encompassed by a particular region. The organizational structure of hospitals can be directly mapped to share electronic medical record system, to simplify the management of permissions. For that purpose, developer must strategically plan to implement a strong security measure for the system. Security implementation within the EMR system requires users such as providers, staff, and manager, to all obtain a registered certificate that enables access to the system (Chen, Wang, Zhang, 2010). 4. ) Describe the importance of business intelligence and analytics capabilities in the design of an electronic medical record system Understanding technology and the needs of the users plays a vital role in implementing any system. Proactively implementing systems that is readily able to adapt to future technology upgrades requires developers to have intensive knowledge of the industry practices and technology evolvement. Business Intelligence (BI) is used to describe applications and technologies that are collaborated to provide access to analyze data and information about an enterprise, in order assist with business decisions (Wu, Barash, Bartolini, 2007). Data warehousing is one application that is used in the implementation of an EMR system, and is also considered traditional form of business intelligence. The main goal of BI is to â€Å"provide a single vision for an entire organization; to simplify system implementation, deployment, and administration; and to deliver strategic, tactical, and operational knowledge and actionable insight† (Wu, Barash, Bartolini, 2007). Reference Chen, Q. , Wang, Z. , Zhang, W. (2010). Security Design for Electronic Medical Record. Intenational Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science, (pp. 1-4). doi:10. 1109/ICBECS. 2010. 5462307 MacKinnon, W. , Wasserman, M. (2009). Implementing electronic medical record systems. 2nd Hawaii Intenational Conference on System Science (pp. 50-53). Waikoloa: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10. 1109/HICSS. 2009. 349 Su, Y. -Y. , Fulcher, J. , Win, K. T. , Chiu, H. -C. , Chiu, G. -F. (2008). Evaluating the implementation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Systems. IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops, (pp. 589-594). doi:10. 1109/CIT. 2008. Workshops. 45 Te ston, C. (2012). Investigating Usability and â€Å"Meaningful Use† of Electronic. 30th ACM international conference on Design of communication, (pp. 27-232). New York. doi:10. 1145/2379057. 2379101 Vilar, G. , Boudoux, C. (2002). The Medical Information Management System (SIGIM) – Elaboration of an Electronic Patient Record -. Proceedings of the Second Joint EMBSBMES Conference, (pp. 1954-1956). Houstin. doi:10. 1109/IEMBS. 2002. 1053112 Wu, L. , Barash, G. , Bartolini, C. (2007). A Service-oriented Architecture for Business Intelligence. IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, (pp. 279-285). doi:10. 1109/SOCA. 2007. 6 How to cite Are Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care?, Essay examples

Retail Outlet By the Consumers

Question: Describe about the conclusion that Sainsbury is one of the best retail outlet and is loved by the consumers. Answer: Introduction: Sainsbury was established in the year 1869 it is the leading organization and has 502 chains of supermarkets and around 290 convenient stores. It is a leading food chain in UK. The objective of the company is to serve the customers well along with serving their shareholders with maximum returns. The aim of the company is to ensure that the employees of the company develop their abilities and are rewarded from time to time hence contributing to the success of the business. There are approximately 148,000 employees employed in Sainsbury. There are about 18 million customers catered by the company. Many small scale suppliers work closely with the company. (J Sainsbury's plc corporate website (2009))The chain of the company was one of the best retailers in UK till 1995 when many companies like TESCO, Safeway plc joined the competition. The company has been successful despite of various economic issues like recession. The companys online and Sainsbury bank have the aim to exceed the expec tations of the customers for safe, fresh, healthy and tasty food.(website (2009)) PEST analysis is the tool which helps in analysing the external environment of the company. There are various competitors of the company like TESCO, and ASDA Plc. PEST analysis of Sainsbury: Political factors: The political factors have a huge influence on the performance of the company. The debts in United Kingdom are very high is it being consumer debts and government debts. Due to which the customer attitudes are affected and business often faces pressures. Government imposes various direct as well as indirect taxes on the company which reduces its profit margin. Another political factor is trade restrictions as the government imposes various entry barriers on the industries from time to time. For the success of an organisation it is important that the external as well as the internal environment of the organisation is carried out so that in case there is any kind of flaws that can be overcome on time. There can be a negative impact on Sainsbury of the ongoing price fixing among the various UK retailers. Economic Factors: The economic factors affect the demand and profitability of the industry. As the economy slows down it affects Sainsbury to a large extent because it leads to unemployment and inflation in the prices of the food products. Due to unemployment and increase in the price of products the products demand of the Sainsbury will decrease and hence the production of the products will decrease. There can be a negative impact of the credit crunch on Sainsbury as the company runs financial services with HBOS.(Kathy Sandler (2009)) Due to credit crunch the purchasing power of the consumers and due to which spending on the luxury items may decrease. The ability to provide credit may decrease. The company shall contemplate for expansion into new markets and due to which globalisation will help the company to manage risks.(Metzer (2014)) Social factors: Various demographic factors affect the behaviour and attitudes of the customer. These days people prefer to have everything under one roof. Sainsbury has been benefited a lot by introducing non-food products. Due to which the demand of certain products of the company has been increasing day by day. It has introduced a new marketing theme known as Cook and Save which promoted the products that are easy to Cook due to which customers can stretch their household budgets. The prices of the fuels are increasing day by day which might affect the company. As the level of obesity is increasing day by day in UK the government is taking measures to promote healthy eating due to which the customers have started shifting to healthier food.(Johnson Scholes (2009)) Technological Factors: Due to technological advancements the business are affected positively. The online or web based business has grown significantly. Sainsbury is expanding its online food delivery service. According to the reports there has been improvement in the online services provided by the company. There has been a great advantage to the company due to importation of new technologies. The company is constantly upgrading its technology so that it can serve its customers very well and the customers are satisfied by its services.(Schlosser (2012)) Key business operations of Sainsbury: Sainsbury basically deals with the retail business. The first store of the company was a dairy store. The company has a passion for order , high quality products and cleanliness. The company has various convenience stores, supermarkets and extensions. In addition to its retail stores the company has various corporate offices across UK. It provides high quality customer service and excellent shopping experience with various products at a reasonable price.(Pettinger (2012)) Sainsbury is always a very good performer as compared to its competitors. Customer Service: Sainsbury believes that understanding the demands and wants of the customer is their prior job because customers are the heart of their business. The company remains in regular contact with the customers and tries to figure out the current demands of the customers and tries to fulfil their demands by offering the products they desire. The company offers great products which help them to deliver what the customers want which gives them a competitive advantage. (Michie (2003))The company spends good amount of time in interacting with their customers so that customers can be given a smoothing shopping experience. In the current business operations customer services is considered vital for every organisation. The success and failure of every business is much dependent on how it manages its customers. These days organisations try to build healthy relations with their customers so that they can gain competitive advantage. The company has skilled and talented staff for han dling the grievances of the customers; it has proficient check out staff. Online availability of the products is considered easy for the customers today and hence it cannot be ignored by the companies. The Sainsbury has made good efforts to satisfy its customers by making its products easily available online so that the customers can easily purchase the products by sitting anywhere. Improving Availability: Timely availability of the products is considered very important for the success of the organisation. In order to improve the availability of its products the company launched a project named Mercury. Under this project the main aim of the company is to ensure that the products are available on shelf as soon as possible instead of stocking them in stores. The deliverables under this project will go direct to the shelf instead of being kept in the stores for a long time. (Brown (2014))Sainsbury has decided to improve its customer Experience by taking different measures. Among the measures the company in order to improve the in-store experience of the customers company has decided to invest in training its staff along with new automated tool so that the availability of the products can be tracked. Further it added that it will continue to investment in the projects in which the customer values can be enhanced. It has a further five year deal with (Perry (2009)). IBM under which IBM will be introducing new systems that will help the suppliers and the company to manage the supply chain and will support the continuous growth of the business. Further technologies will be improved so that the status of the orders of the products can be monitored and the products availability can be managed.(Britain (2008)) Impact of Globalisation on Business: Globalisation is one of the factor which has become very important in the business. Globalisation effects business life, Economy, environment and society in various different ways. It creates various opportunities like import and export for the business; it creates competition for the companies and also helps in the growth of the company. Globalisation has created a challenge as well as opportunity for Sainsbury. The challenge is that it has to compete with various unknown forces and to bring best quality products for its customers from all over the world. (Kappor (2012))The company can enter the emerging markets through partnerships and joint ventures. As the global food crises are increasing the prices of the food are increasing which results in purchase costs for Sainsbury. The various complex challenges are being transformed by the Human Resource Department. In the global environment the decision making has become intricate. The talent poll for marginal workers has been widened by the global world. The human resource can take advantage of data analytics and technology in order to build global human resource Information system. In the past only the cost centre and administrative overhead was the main function of the human resource they focussed on short term savings and gains but now the focus of the human resource is on long term objectives. Not only the internal human resource issues are being looked after but it now takes a broader and balanced approach. Mergers and Acquisitions of Sainsbury Mergers and Acquisitions results in transfer of business and can also be risky in order to achieve shareholders value. The results of mergers and Acquisitions will be big management challenges, Not seen cost, Finance will go in one or few countries. Sainsbury is a very big retail outlet in UK. The economy of UK is open as the involvement of the government is very less. The merger of Tesco and Sainsbury will have less government regulation and both can be benefited from the market made by each other. If there is merger of Sainsbury and Tesco they will have the most powerful position in the supermarket and could easily bargain with the suppliers and buyers of their products as the customers will have more choices among the products available at low costs. Many factors have contributed to the HR functions of Sainsbury. The various challenges faced by Sainsbury are Globalization, Change management, Leadership development, E-Commerce, Learning, health and safety. Information system has an important role to play in management and planning of the human resources in Sainsbury. One of the main challenges for Sainsbury is the changing technology. The methods and ways of doing work have changed lot overtime. Now the trading activities are done online through ecommerce. Information technology can play an important role for the HR department. Sainsbury Uses 2.0 web so that the employees of the company can be involved more. This helps Sainsbury to reduce costs and also attaining better quality information. It uses teleconferencing ways to stay connected to its customers. Sainsbury has also built Human Resources Information System so that Human Resource processes can be automated. Conclusion: By carrying out the various analyses it can be concluded that Sainsbury is one of the best retail outlet and is loved by the consumers. But the outside risks like rising material costs and recession does not affect the company as it can be highlighted by the PEST analysis. Various new expansion strategies have been adopted by the company to sustain its leading position. One of the very useful techniques is the PESTLE analysis these type of techniques help the organisation to develop more. Bibliography Britain, G (2008), Implementing the Race to the Top: Lord Sainsbury's Review. Brown, E (2014), Business Reporter, viewed 21 March (2016), https://business-reporter.co.uk/2014/11/12/sainsburys-to-improve-customer-experience-following-drop-in-sales/. J Sainsbury's plc corporate website (2009), viewed 22 March (2016), Sainsbury's About us, https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=12. Johnson, G Scholes, R (2009), Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2009. Kappor, B (2012), , viewed 21 March (2016), https://www.jimsjournal.org/6%20Bhushan%20Kapoor.pdf. Kathy Sandler (2009), 'The wall street journal', Sainsbury's to push into non food products, no. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704402404574528943322944258.html,. Metzer, K (2014), Business Analysis of UK Supermarket Industry, Routledge. Michie, J (2003), The Handbook of Globalisation - Page 424, Edward Elger. Perry, J (2009), Retail Week, viewed 21 March (2016), https://www.retail-week.com/sainsburys-to-improve-product-availability-with-new-supply-chain-systems/5001770.fullarticle. Pettinger, R (2012), Management: A Concise Introduction - Page 447, Palgrave Macmillian. 2012. Schlosser, E (2012), Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, Houghton Migflin, New York. website, JSPC (2009), Sainsbury's market share , viewed 22 March (2016), https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=451 .